Agroclimatic zones of Maharashtra and Cropping pattern in different agro-climatic zones of Maharashtra
Vidarbha zone
Rainfalls in the zone area are from June to November. Rainfalls average 177.2 mm in June, 394.4 mm in July, 277.6 mm in August, 200.5 mm in September, 49.6 mm in October and 13.3 mm in November. The mean annual air temperature varies from 15 to 27 °C. High temperatures of 45 °C or more are observed during May while low temperatures of 8 to 10 °C are observed in the month of December and January.
Central Maharashtra Plateau Zone of Maharashtra
About 2.24 million holdings are present in this zone. The proportion of marginal holdings below one hectare is 24.20% while 33.2% of the holdings is below two hectares (1990-91 land census). The average sized holding is 2.38 ha. Major crops cultivated during Kharif season are cotton, sorghum, groundnut, pigeonpea, mung and urd bean, soyabean and pearl millet. In Rabi season, main crops are wheat, sorghum, sunflower, chickpea, and safflower.
Western Maharashtra Dry Zone of Maharashtra
The operational holdings in this zone of Maharashtra (also called Western Maharashtra Scarcity Zone) constituted 57.68% to the total holdings. The area operated by farmers in the state is 211.05 ha. The area operated in the districts of Scarcity Zone formed 60.13% to that of the state. The average sized holding in the Scarcity Zone worked out to 3.81 ha which is a little higher than that of the State average.
Western Maharashtra Plain Zone of Maharashtra
In the zone, a fairly large portion of 54.86% of the total holdings owned by small and marginal farmers having land up to 2 ha shares only 17.02% of the total operational area. On the other hand, only 3.61% of the total holdings in the zone is 2.85 ha ranging from 1.55 ha in Kolhapur district to 3.68 ha in Dhule district as against 3.12 ha in the state.
South Konkan Coastal Zone of Maharashtra
The Konkan region receives very high rainfall ranging between 2,000 to 4,000 mm, 90% of it during June to October (100-110 days). The relative humidity varies from 90-95% in Kharif and 80-85% in Rabi season. The average rainfall received in district Ratnagiri (3,713 mm) is relatively higher than in district Sindhugarh (3,564 mm). The mean, minimum and maximum temperature varies from 19.9 to 34.0 oC in Ratnagiri and from 22.7 to 31.2 oC in district Sindhugarh.
South Konkan Coastal Zone
The Konkan region receives very high rainfall ranging between 2,000 to 4,000 mm, 90% of it during June to October (100-110 days). The relative humidity varies from 90-95% in Kharif and 80-85% in Rabi season. The average rainfall received in district Ratnagiri (3,713 mm) is relatively higher than in district Sindhugarh (3,564 mm). The mean, minimum and maximum temperature varies from 19.9 to 34.0 oC in Ratnagiri and from 22.7 to 31.2 oC in district Sindhugarh. Rice is one of the main food grain cereal crops in Maharashtra and Konkan region. The majority of the farmers (85%) are from marginal (< 1 ha) and small (<2 ha)l farms.
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