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Significance for India: Today, 95% of India’s trade by volume and 68% of trade by value come via the Indian Ocean. Additionally, 80% of India’s crude oil requirement—is imported by sea via the Indian Ocean. Today 40% of world trade passes through the Strait of Malacca and 40 percent of all traded crude oil passes … Read more

Our constitution adopted for federal system of polity. The Features have been taken from  American, Canadian and Australian federalism.  Federalism in the Indian constitution is not a matter of administrative convenience, but it is the outcome of our own process and recognition of the ground realities. India adopted a system which if federal in normal … Read more

The respiratory system is the body system that brings air containing oxygen into the body and releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The job of the respiratory system is the exchange of gases between the body and the outside air. This process, called respiration, actually consists of two parts. In the first part, oxygen in … Read more

Seasonality refers to both the seasonal variation of the suns position above the horizon and the changing daylength.  There are five reasons for seasons which are discussed here under: Earth’s revolution in its orbit around the sun: Earth completes its annual orbit in 365.24 days at a speed averaging 107,280 Km.hr in a counter clockwise … Read more

USA’s hegemony and its resistance Politics is about power. Just as individuals want to gain and retain power, groups too want to gain and retain power. We routinely talk of someone becoming powerful or someone doing something for power. In the case of world politics too, countries and groups of countries are engaged in constantly … Read more

Niti Ayog – National Institution for Transforming India   The National Institution for Transforming India, also called NITI Aayog, was formed via a resolution of the Union Cabinet on January 1, 2015. NITI Aayog is the premier policy ‘Think Tank’ of the Government of India, providing both directional and policy inputs. While designing strategic and … Read more

The State Secretariat, as the top layer of the state administration, is primarily meant to assist the state government in policy making and in discharging its legislative functions. It also acts as a memory and a clearing house, preparatory to certain types of decisions and as a general supervisor of executive action . The main functions of the State Secretariat are broadly as … Read more

The Chief secretary of the state enjoys the senior most position held in the civil services of the state and union territories of India. The functions of Chief secretary are as follows: Adviser to the CM: Chief- Secretary acts as an advisor to the CM. Being head of the permanent executive branch he strives for a … Read more

The State Secretariat, as the top layer of the state administration, is primarily meantto assist the state government in policy making and in discharging its legislativefunctions. It also acts as a memory and a clearing house, preparatory to certaintypes of decisions and as a general supervisor of executive action . The mainfunctions of the State Secretariat are broadly as follows: Assisting the ministers … Read more