Polity

Sovereign: India is internally and externally sovereign – externally free from the control of any foreign power and internally, it has a free government which is directly elected by the people and makes laws that govern the people. No external power can dictate the government of India.   Republic: As opposed to a monarchy, in which the head of state is … Read more

As per constitution, there are two types of Houses i.e. Lok sabha and Rajya sabha in the Parliament. Rajya sabha provides representation to states and is upper chamber of the house. The power balance is tilted slightly towards Lok sabha which can be gauged from following provisions: Money Bill: A Money Bill can be introduced … Read more

Anti defection was brought up by the 52nd amendment act which brought changes in the 4 article and added X schedule of the constitution. The main aim was to prevent defection, when one member leave a political party and joins another. The act was aimed to provide stability to the political party and prevent aaya … Read more

Comptroller and Auditor general is a constitutional body sanctioned by article 148 of the constitution. Its work is to audit the expenditure incurred by government of India, Government of state from consolidated fund of India, Contingency fund of India, Public accounts of India. Its function is to prepare audit reports on appropriation, finance and public … Read more

Since auditing is a task of impartial evaluation of the performance of governmental functions, it requires autonomy for the CAG. Constitution has thereby secured independence via following provisions: He is appointed by the President by a warrant under his hand and seal and his oath of office requires him to uphold the Constitution of India … Read more

The Parliamentary system of government refers to “a system of government having the real executive power vested in a cabinet composed of members of the legislature who are individually and collectively responsible to the legislature. Reasons for adopting Parliamentary government are as follows: Because of the familiarity with the previous government of India act 1909,1919 … Read more

Legislative Council or Vidhan Parishad is the upper house in bicameral legislatures in some states of India. Article 169 of the constitution of India deals with the creation or abolition of State Legislative Councils. The power of abolition and creation of the State legislative council is vested in Parliament of India as per article 169. To create … Read more

Article 123 of the Constitution grants the President certain law-making powers to promulgate ordinances during the recess of Parliament. These ordinances have the same force and effect as an Act of Parliament but are in the nature of temporary laws.  Similarly power is given under article 213 to governor of states. Issues associated with the … Read more

Indian constitution with strong centre but it has federal elements too like dual polity, law making ability is vested separately to centre and states. Dual executives are also there but here are some provisions in the constitution which makes the federation with strong centre: Single Constitution: There are no separate constitutions for the States. In a … Read more

“The makers of our Constitution envisaged the role of the Rajya Sabha along three axes: as a legislative chamber of elders discussing, revising or delaying legislation as per need; as an institution where interests of the states of the Indian Union could be projected and safeguarded and; as a deliberative chamber where greater and diverse … Read more