Management and Administration

 CAPITAL STRUCTURE       The financial requirement of a firm can be met through ownership capital and/or borrowed capital. The ownership capital refers to the amount of capital contributed by the owners. In case of a company, it refers to the amount of funds raised by issuing shares. The main characteristic of … Read more

 DETERMINANTS OF PERSONALITY   Personality is a result of the combination of four factors –   Physical environment Heridity Culture Particular experiences.   Personality and Environment:   Geographical environment sometimes determines cultural variability. That the Eskimos have a culture different … Read more

 BEHAVIOR : LEARNING AND MOTIVATION     Classification and types of motives, Theories of work motivation, Assessment of motivation     A need or motive directs us to act or behave in a particular way towards a certain goal or in other terms “It indicates the inner state of mind that energizes, activates … Read more

     BEHAVIOR – LEARNING AND MOTIVATION   Styles of learning, Models of memory, Causes of forgetting.       Style of Learning       Learning styles are the different ways people interpret, organize and represent information. For example, some people learn best by having information presented to them in audio form, such … Read more

 FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT – ORGANIZING   Organizing is the process of identification and grouping of activities, assigning duties and delegating authority to the managers, allocating necessary resources and establishing coordination among individuals and department of an organization with a view to attain its objectives.   PROCESS OF ORGANIZING :   The process of … Read more

 AUDITING   Auditing is the on-site verification activity, such as inspection or examination, of a process or quality system, to ensure compliance to requirements. An audit can apply to an entire organization or might be specific to a function, process, or production step.    Meaning of Auditing:   Auditing is an examination … Read more

 PERFORMANCE AUDIT     Meaning   An independent examination of the efficiency and effectiveness of government undertakings, programs or organisations, with due regard to economy, and the aim of leading to improvements”.   Performance audit is simply an audit of sound financial management, namely of the economy, efficiency and effectiveness with which audited … Read more

       BEHAVIOUR   INTELLIGENCE (Cognitive; Emotional; Social; Cultural; Multiple)     Cognitive Intelligence   Cognition: Mentally processing information (images, concepts, etc.); thinking Intelligence: It is the ability to process data into more efficient systems by acquiring learned substantive mental methods which develops into cognitive ability.   Cognitive intelligence is the ability … Read more

 FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT – DECISION MAKING   Concept and meaning   Decision making is the process of identifying and selecting a course of action to solve a specific problem.   Decision making involves the selection of a course of action from among two or more possible alternatives in order to arrive at a … Read more

 SOURCE OF FINANCE     Sources of finance are the most explored area especially for the entrepreneurs about to start a new business. It is perhaps the toughest part of all the efforts. There are various sources of finance classified based on time period, ownership and control, and source of generation of finance. … Read more