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Nastika Shools of Indian System of Philosophy |
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| Charvaka |
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Believes only in materialism. No life beyond death, no soul no god. |
| Jaina |
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The names of two tirthankaras, Rishabhanath & Aristhanemia finds mention in Rig Veda. |
| 540 BC |
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Twenty third was Parsva, son of Ishvaku king Asvasena. Said to have flourished 300 yrs |
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before Mahavira. Mahavira, the last Tirthankara born in Kundagrama near Vaisali. His |
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father Siddhartha was the head of Jnatrika clan & mother Trisala was the sister of Chetaka, |
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a Lichchhavi noble. Chetaka’s dauthter was married to Bimbisara the king of Magadha. |
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Mahavira was married to Yasoda. Left home at 30 & attained Kaivalya at 42. He accepted |
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4 doctrines of Parsava & added celibacy to it. Chandragupta Maurya patronized it. Passed |
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away at Pawapuri. |
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| Buddha |
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Gautama (known as Siddhartha as prince) was born in Lumbini near Kapilvastu to |
| 566 B.C. |
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Suddhodhana, the king of Sakya republic & Mayadevi who died seven days after his birth. |
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Gautama was married to Yasodhara from whom he had a son Rahul. 6 years of meditation |
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led to enlightenment. First sermon in Sarnath known as ‘Set in motion the wheel of law’. |
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Eight fold paths. Buddhism denies efficacy of vedic rituals & superiority of brahmanas. |
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Followers were upasakas & bhikshus. Died at the age of 80 in Kushinagar. |
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Astika Schools of Indian System of Philosophy |
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| Vaisesika |
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Five elements – Earth, water, air, fire, Ether. |
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| Nyaya |
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Accepts all categories of Vaisesika & adds one Abhava (negation). |
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| Samkhya |
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Oldest of all. Twenty five basic principles first being ‘Prakriti’. Gives |
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doctrine of 3 qualities – virtue (sattva), passion (rajas) & dullness (tamas) |
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| Yoga |
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Salvation through: Yama (self control), Niyama, Asanas, Pranayama, |
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Pratyahara (restrain), Dharana (steady mind), Dhyana & Samadhi. |
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| Mimamsa |
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Recognises Vedas as final authority. |
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| Vedanta |
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Adi Sankara is protagonist. Ultimate reality ‘Brahma’ is one. Highest |
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level of truth is that the whole world that exists is Maya. Ramanuja |
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(founder of Sri Vaishnavism) differed from Sankara on his commentaries |
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on Upanishads & Gita. |
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